Time Optimal Hybrid Minimum Principle and the Gear Changing Problem for Electric Vehicles

Minimum Cost Path Problem for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

We introduce a practically important and theoretically challenging problem: finding the minimum cost path for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in a network with refueling and battery switching stations, considering electricity and gasoline as sources of energy with different cost structures and limitations. We show that this problem is NP-complete even though its electric vehicle and co...

Pontryagin's Minimum Principle for Fuzzy Optimal Control Problems

The objective of this article is to derive the necessary optimality conditions, known as Pontryagin's minimum principle, for fuzzy optimal control problems based on the concepts of differentiability and integrability of a fuzzy mapping that may be parameterized by the left and right-hand functions of its $alpha$-level sets.

The Shortest Path Problem Revisited: Optimal Routing for Electric Vehicles

Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper presents an energy management strategy based on the multilevel hierarchical control for the parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). The simulation model of this energy management strategy is constructed by using Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow and is optimized by applying the genetic algorithm. Under the satisfaction with the vehicle dynamic property and the balance of the state of charg...

Optimal Routing for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

We propose routing algorithms for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that account for the significant energy efficiency differences of vehicle operating modes and recommend the predominant mode of operation for each road segment during route planning. This is to enhance fuel economy and reduce emissions. We introduce the Energy-Efficient Routing problem (EERP) for PHEVs, and formulate thi...